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RAF History

The Royal Air Force is the oldest independent air force and has been defending the British skies for more than 100 years. In this hub, you'll find details about the history of the RAF, including the founding of the air force, key Second World War operations, and RAF squadrons and sections.

Lilian Bader.jpg

Black History Month: Lilian Bader, a trailblazer in the RAF

Continuing our Black History Month profile spotlights, we look back at the remarkable life and achievements of Lilian Bader, one of the first black women who served in…

Ulric Cross in uniform in black and white

Black History Month: The remarkable legacy of Squadron Leader Ulric Cross

To mark Black History Month 2024, we are honouring the life and legacy of Squadron Leader Ulric Cross, DFC, DSO. His exceptional bravery and skill in the RAF during the…

30 September 2024
Battle of Britain pilots

Five things you might not know about the Battle of Britain

The Battle of Britain is seen by many as a defining moment for the RAF during the Second World War.

9 September 2024

The squadrons that took part in the Battle of Britain

The Battle of Britain is remembered as an extremely important air campaign fought over southern England in the summer and autumn of 1940. It was initiated by Adolf…

The Dowding System and the role of radar in the Battle of Britain

The Dowding System was the air defence network used during The Battle of Britain. It has been credited for giving Britain a critical advantage over Germany, as they…

An illustration depicting Stalag Luft III PoWs testing out the escape tunnel. The image is from the booklet 'The Great Escape Stalag Luft III - From the original drawings made by Ley Kenyon 1943'.

Marking the 80th anniversary of The Great Escape

This March marks 80 years since The Great Escape in 1944. To mark the occasion, Second World War and aviation historian Steve Darlow visited the former prison camp in…

The founding of the Royal Air Force

The RAF was founded on 1st April 1918, when the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) were merged in response to the events of the First World War. The newly created RAF was the most powerful air force in the world, with over 20,000 aircraft and 300,000 personnel. At the end of the First World War, the RAF was reduced in size and took on the task of policing the British Empire using air power. However, it then underwent rapid expansion prior to, and during, the Second World War.

Key Second World War operations

During the Second World War, the RAF was responsible for the aerial defence of Britain, as well as the strategic bombing of Germany. RAF squadrons also provided tactical support to the British Army around the world. The Battle of Britain was a defining operation for the RAF, who held off the Luftwaffe in one of the most complex ongoing air campaigns in history, during the summer of 1940.

Royal Air Force Squadrons and Sections

The RAF is made up of squadrons that can fly aircraft or be ground based, covering a diverse range of roles, such as combat, training, reconnaissance, and equipment testing. Sections include the RAF regiments, a specialist corps founded by Royal Warrant in 1942 with the aim to respond to a wide range of threats, whenever and wherever necessary.