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RAF History

The Royal Air Force is the oldest independent air force and has been defending the British skies for more than 100 years. In this hub, you'll find details about the history of the RAF, including the founding of the air force, key Second World War operations, and RAF squadrons and sections.

The bouncing bomb just looked like a big glorified dustbin

Dambusters veteran, Johnny Johnson, describes his first encounter with both the mission-modified aircraft and the bouncing bomb itself.

When the two base pins were in line you dropped your bomb

Johnny Johnson, Dambusters veteran, explains what his bomb-drop training for the raid entailed.

We all just knew that he was very pressured

Barnes Wallis, the inventor of the bouncing bomb, knew from the start of the Second World War that he would have an important role to play.

Guy Gibson, the essence of good leadership

Dambusters veteran, Johnny Johnson, during which he imparted his thoughts on RAF hero and commander of Squadron 617, Guy Gibson.

Barnes Wallis – before Chastise

Barnes Wallis, the inventor of the bouncing bomb that was used in the Dambusters raid Operation Chastise, was born in Derbyshire in 1887.

"We were not allowed to tell anybody anything"

Johnny Johnson, one of the last remaining aircrew who flew in 617 Squadron's Dambuster raid, explained in a one-off interview with the RAF Benevolent Fund about the…

The founding of the Royal Air Force

The RAF was founded on 1st April 1918, when the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) were merged in response to the events of the First World War. The newly created RAF was the most powerful air force in the world, with over 20,000 aircraft and 300,000 personnel. At the end of the First World War, the RAF was reduced in size and took on the task of policing the British Empire using air power. However, it then underwent rapid expansion prior to, and during, the Second World War.

Key Second World War operations

During the Second World War, the RAF was responsible for the aerial defence of Britain, as well as the strategic bombing of Germany. RAF squadrons also provided tactical support to the British Army around the world. The Battle of Britain was a defining operation for the RAF, who held off the Luftwaffe in one of the most complex ongoing air campaigns in history, during the summer of 1940.

Royal Air Force Squadrons and Sections

The RAF is made up of squadrons that can fly aircraft or be ground based, covering a diverse range of roles, such as combat, training, reconnaissance, and equipment testing. Sections include the RAF regiments, a specialist corps founded by Royal Warrant in 1942 with the aim to respond to a wide range of threats, whenever and wherever necessary.