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RAF History

The Royal Air Force is the oldest independent air force and has been defending the British skies for more than 100 years. In this hub, you'll find details about the history of the RAF, including the founding of the air force, key Second World War operations, and RAF squadrons and sections.

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WAAF trio decorated for Battle of Britain bravery

Three women were recognised for their courageous conduct in the aftermath of a deadly air raid during the Battle of Britain.

The lucky Arthur John Banham

Arthur John Banham joined the RAF in 1935 and at the start of the Battle of Britain flew the Boulton Paul Defiant.

"We knew we were fighting for our lives"

The Late RAF veteran Stan Hartill joined 609 Squadron aged 19 and was looking after Spitfires at Middle Wallop for one week when the Battle of Britain broke out.

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"Darling just got VC. Don't know why"

With those simple words, telegraphed to his wife Muriel, Flight Lieutenant Eric "James" Brindley Nicolson downplayed the magnitude of his award. 

"I think they just said the war is over"

After surviving the Blitz as a teenaged boy, there was only one thing on Fred Hammond's mind when he turned 17 – join the RAF!

"War was finally over"

For some Victory in Japan was a more muted celebration, in contrast to the jubilation of Victory in Europe Day. WAAF air woman Joan Fraser tells her story.

The founding of the Royal Air Force

The RAF was founded on 1st April 1918, when the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) were merged in response to the events of the First World War. The newly created RAF was the most powerful air force in the world, with over 20,000 aircraft and 300,000 personnel. At the end of the First World War, the RAF was reduced in size and took on the task of policing the British Empire using air power. However, it then underwent rapid expansion prior to, and during, the Second World War.

Key Second World War operations

During the Second World War, the RAF was responsible for the aerial defence of Britain, as well as the strategic bombing of Germany. RAF squadrons also provided tactical support to the British Army around the world. The Battle of Britain was a defining operation for the RAF, who held off the Luftwaffe in one of the most complex ongoing air campaigns in history, during the summer of 1940.

Royal Air Force Squadrons and Sections

The RAF is made up of squadrons that can fly aircraft or be ground based, covering a diverse range of roles, such as combat, training, reconnaissance, and equipment testing. Sections include the RAF regiments, a specialist corps founded by Royal Warrant in 1942 with the aim to respond to a wide range of threats, whenever and wherever necessary.