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RAF History

The Royal Air Force is the oldest independent air force and has been defending the British skies for more than 100 years. In this hub, you'll find details about the history of the RAF, including the founding of the air force, key Second World War operations, and RAF squadrons and sections.

'Operation Leg' – a pilot unlike any other

Douglas Bader was a Battle of Britain pilot unlike any other. Medically discharged against his will in 1932, the outbreak of the war was an opportunity for Bader to re…

The vital role women played in the Battle of Britain

Codebreakers, codemakers, balloon barrage operators – the roles for women during the Second World War were as varied as they were vital.

The ten rules of air fighting

Innovation and invention were key to the RAF's victory in the Battle of Britain during the Second World War. One such innovator was ace pilot Adolph Gysbert 'Sailor'…

"We knew we were outnumbered...but the pilots still went into the skies to protect us"

As a member of the ground crew of 609 Squadron, the late Stan Hartill saw first hand the bravery and sacrifice of the Battle of Britain pilots.

Preparing Britain's air defence for battle

The task of preparing Britain's air defence in the lead up to the Battle of Britain belonged to Air Chief Marshal Dowding. It was his foresight and forward planning that…

The Battle of Britain – the early days of the war

The Battle of Britain brought home the realities of war for the British public, as bombs fell on our cities and dogfights were silhouetted against the summer sun.

The founding of the Royal Air Force

The RAF was founded on 1st April 1918, when the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) were merged in response to the events of the First World War. The newly created RAF was the most powerful air force in the world, with over 20,000 aircraft and 300,000 personnel. At the end of the First World War, the RAF was reduced in size and took on the task of policing the British Empire using air power. However, it then underwent rapid expansion prior to, and during, the Second World War.

Key Second World War operations

During the Second World War, the RAF was responsible for the aerial defence of Britain, as well as the strategic bombing of Germany. RAF squadrons also provided tactical support to the British Army around the world. The Battle of Britain was a defining operation for the RAF, who held off the Luftwaffe in one of the most complex ongoing air campaigns in history, during the summer of 1940.

Royal Air Force Squadrons and Sections

The RAF is made up of squadrons that can fly aircraft or be ground based, covering a diverse range of roles, such as combat, training, reconnaissance, and equipment testing. Sections include the RAF regiments, a specialist corps founded by Royal Warrant in 1942 with the aim to respond to a wide range of threats, whenever and wherever necessary.